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A firewall is software or hardware that controls your internet traffic, making sure to keep all the bad stuff away from your internet experience. Most people may have heard about software firewalls, and if you have a home network then you’ve already seen a hardware firewall in the form of your router/gateway to the internet.
In order to communicate to other computers on the internet, you have to “open a connection” to them. But, usually only one kind of communication goes through the open connection, or the networks expect certain communication to come through the same connection all the time.
You can think of the connections as phone numbers and the communications as a caller. You wouldn’t expect someone to contact the library when they’re trying to reach the fire department.
Every single program that you use for the internet uses a particular port (open connection) for its purposes. Some can be changed more easily than others. A lot of times, a computer’s default setting is to allow all communications on all basic ports. This simplifies things since under most circumstances you wouldn’t need these to be monitored or policed. But that would be in a perfect world.
The truth is you can accidentally install a file that will wait for a call on a port that it will open when you accidentally installed it. When that program gets the call it’s been waiting for, it will respond with a special message.
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