Elanguage Learning Package MRR Ebook

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41. Useful Expressions

Hay Había Hay que + infinitiveTener que + inf. Ir a + inf. Acabar de + inf. Hace + time

There is/are There was/were It is necessary to + inf. To have to + inf. To go to + inf. To have just + past participletime + ago

42. Progressive Tenses

The progressive tense indicates an action that is ongoing. It is formed by using estar (in any tense) with a present participle. Present participles are formed by dropping the ending of the verb, and adding the following endings to the stem:

Present Participles

-ar
-ando
-er
-iendo
-ir
-iendo

Juan está hablando. Josh is talking. Estaban cantando. They were singing. Estuve escribiendo una carta. I was writing a letter.

43. Haber

Haber - to have

he has ha

hemos habéis han

44. Present Perfect

The present perfect tense is a compound tense using haber with a past participle. (Haber is only used as a helping verb; it is never used to show possession.) This tense can be translated as have or has done something. Please note that the preterite tense is used more often than this tense when expressing the past.

Past participles are formed by dropping the infinitive ending, and adding these endings:

Past Participles

-ar -er -ir
-ado -ido -ido

The following verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) - abierto (opened); escribir (to write) - escrito (written); morir (to die) - muerto (died); poner (to put) - puesto (put); ver (to see) - visto (seen); volver (to return) - vuelto (returned); decir (to say) - dicho (said); hacer (to do) - hecho (done).

No han vendido la casa. They have not sold the house. Dónde ha puesto Ud. la llave? Where have you put the key? Hemos gastado mucho dinero. We have spent a lot of money. Qué ha dicho Ud.? What did you say?

45. Places
movies
el cine
office
la oficina
restaurant
el restaurante
bank
el banco
mountain
la montaña
pastry shop
la pastelería
swimming pool
la piscina
meat shop
la carnicería
cafe
el café
ice cream shop
le heladería
house
la casa
fruit shop
la frutería
concert
el concierto
fish shop
la pescadería
library
la biblioteca
pharmacy
la farmacia
theater
el teatro
candy store
la dulcería
country
el campo
bookstore
la librería
supermarket
el supermercado
paper store
la papelería
bread shop
la panadería
flower shop
la floristería
46. Transportation
by bus
en autobús
by bicycle
en bicicleta
by car
en coche
by motorcycle
en motocicleta
by subway
en metro
by taxi
en taxi
by plane
en avión
by train
en tren
by boat
en barco
on foot
a pie
47. To Want, to Be Able to, to Have to
querer-to want
poder-to be able to, can
deber-to have to, must
quiero
queremos
puedo
podemos
debo
debemos
quieres
queréis
puedes
podéis
debes
debéis
quiere
quieren
puede
pueden
debe
deben

48. House

house living roomden dining roomkitchen bedroom room closet bathroom fireplace stairway wall floor ceiling roof hall window ground floorsecond floor

la casa la sala de reciboel gabinete el comedor la cocina la recámara el cuarto el armario el cuarto de bañola chimenea la escalera la pared el suelo el techo el tejado el pasillo la ventana el piso bajo el primer piso

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